Hari imyitarire itandukanye umuntu agira mu buzima bwe bwa buri minsi, akagira ngo ni ibisanzwe, kandi nyamara buba ari uburwayi. Imwe muri yo ni nko gusesagura amafaranga, gukorakora, kugira ubwoba bwo kubona inzoga ishira mu kirahure, kumva ko ukunzwe ndetse n’indi.
Mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, hari ibigenda bitubaho, ku buryo igihe kigera tukabifata nk’ibisanzwe, cyangwa se tukibwira ko ariko duteye. Ariko nyamara burya, birashoboka ko haba hari impambu ibyihishe inyuma nk’iy’uburwayi.
Birashoboka ko waba uri umuntu wikundi agacupa ku buryo bukomeye. Ku buryo kwira utakabonye rwose kiba ari ikintu gikomeye cyane kuri wowe. Birashoboka ko nawe ujya ugira amafaranga, ariko mu kanya gato nk’ako guhumbya, ukisanga ntan’atanu usigaranye, ahubwo ugasigara uguza inshuti n’abavandimwe.
Ibyo bishobora kukubaho rimwe kabiri ukagira ngo ni ibisanzwe, yewe kenshi ukisanga uba waguze ibintu ushaka ariko udakeneye. Ese niko uteye, cyangwa ni uburwayi wifitemo?
Muraturanye cyangwa se ni inshuti yawe, cyangwa se yewe waramubwiwe, ko uwo muntu yifitemo akageso ko kwiba. Mbega ntakunda kunyura ku kantu atagatwaye. Kandi rimwe na rimwe ako kantu ari gato ku buryo yari afite n’ubushobozi bwo kuba yakagura.
Hari imyitwarire itandukanye umuntu ashobora kugaragaza, ku buryo iyo bimubayeho inshuro irenze imwe, birangira abifashe nk’ibisanzwe, nuko bikarangira avuze ko ariko ateye nawe akabyakira kandi mu by’ukuri ubwo ari uburwayi.
Gushakisha ikintu ugata umutwe kandi ugifite mu nkoti, kuba utaba ahantu utarikumwe na telephone yawe, guhora wikanga amarozi ndetse n’ibindi.
Muri iyi nkuru tugiye kugaruka kuri imwe mu myitwarire iba ku muntu runaka bigatekerezwa ko ariko ateye, kandi nyamara ubwo ari uburwayi.
Indwara ya Oniomania
ni uburwayi bwo mu mutwe butuma umuntu asesagura amafaranga, kenshi akagura n’ibintu bitari ngombwa cyangwa ibyo adakeneye.
Umuntu ufite ubu burwayi, ntabwo abasha kwihangana iyo afite amafaranga, ahora ashyugumbwa kuyaguramo ibintu runaka, agatuza ari uko ayamaze.
Urubuga rwa International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction rwasohoye ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri Kamena 2014 na Sang-Hee Sohn afatanyije na Yun-Jung Choi, abahanga mu kwita ku bantu babaswe n’ibintu runaka.
Bugaragaza uburyo umuntu ufite ubu burwayi ashirirwa n’amafaranga agafata amadeni, kandi ntagire umutima umuhagarika gukomeza kuyafata ataranishyura aya mbere.
Urubuga rwa Fashion Discounts narwo ruvuga ko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri 2022 n’ikigo cyo mu Bwongereza cya UK Rehab, gikora ubushakashatsi no kwita ku babaswe n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu. Bugaragaza ko abaturage b’u Bwongereza bari hagati ya 8-16%, bari barwaye iyi ndwara ya Oniomania muri 2022.
Bugaragaza kandi ko abanyamerika 43.5%, muri uwo mwaka bicuzaga ibintu baguze bitari ngombwa, naho 3% by’abaturage b’i Burayi bakuze, bibasiwe n’indwara ya Oniomania.
UK Rehab ivuga kandi ko abibasirwa n’indwara ya oniomania, ari abo mu kigero cy’imyaka 30, ndetse ko bahorana umutima uhagaze kubera amadeni menshi bahora bafite.
Abarwaye iyi ndwara bakunda guhora bazi imbuga zo kuri murandasi zigezweho zo guhahiraho, ndetse n’amaduka ahorana ibintu bigezweho.
Bugaragaza uburyo abafite ubu burwayi baba bafite ibibazo by’agahinda gakabije, kwigunga no guhorana ibyiyumviro by’uko hari icyo babura kuruta kwita ku byo bafite.
Ubu burwayi kandi bwibasira ab’igitsinagore inshuro umunani kurusha ab’igitsinagabo.
Ni mu gihe ibicuruzwa byinshi bigurwa cyane n’abafite ubu burwayi ari imyenda, inkweto, ibirungo by’ubwiza, imikufi ndetse n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Urwaye iyi ndwara aba afite ibyiyumviro biri hejuru kandi bidasanzwe byo gukunda amafaranga, ku buryo yishora no mu bikorwa bitemewe n’amategeko kugira ngo ayabone.
Nta buvuzi bwihariye buhari bwamufasha kuyikira, ariko ashobora kuganirizwa n’abajyanama mu mitekerereze bakamufasha.
37% mu bakoreweho ubushakashatsi na UK Rehab muri 2022, bavuze ko bagira umutima ubacira urubanza nyuma yo guhaha ibintu byinshi n’ibitari ngombwa, naho 20% bavuga ko bahisha imiryango yabo ibijyanye n’ibyo baguze cyangwa amafaranga nyakuri bakoresheje bakavuga atari yo.
10% bavuze ko bahaha kugira ngo bumve banezerewe gusa, 24% bavuga ko ibyo baguze batanabikoresheje.
Indwara ya Kleptomania
Ubu nabwo ni uburwayi bwo mu mutwe butuma umuntu ahora yumva ashaka kwiba ibikoresho runaka, kabone n’ubwo yaba atabikeneye, cyangwa akiba ibintu bidafite agaciro na we ubwe anafite ubushobozi bwo kwigurira.
Urubuga rwa Science Direct rugaragaza ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri 2010 na Brian L. Odlaug wo muri kaminuza ya Minessota, akaba umuhanga mu kumenya imyitwarire ya muntu, buvuga ko abantu bari munsi ya 5% barwaye iyi ndwara, ari bo biba mu maduka bigize nk’abakiliya.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cya National Institute for Health, bukorerwa muri Singapore, bwagaragaje ko mu mwaka wa 2010, abarwayi batatu ba Kleptomania ari bo bagaragaye muri icyo gihugu.
Iki kigo kandi kigaragaza ko abarwaye iyi ndwara ku Isi yose, bari hagati ya 0,3 na 0,6%.
Abarwaye iyi ndwara babaho bafite inkomanga ku mutima n’ikimwaro, kuko baba bafite ubwoba ko icyo kibazo bafite cyamenyekana bagaseba cyangwa bakaba banafungwa.
Ubu burwayi buterwa n’ibikomere byo mu bwana umuntu akurana, kutitabwaho n’ababyeyi cyangwa abarera uwo mwana ndetse no kuba yarakorewe ihohoterwa rya hato na hato, bikamutera ihungabana n’ibibazo byo mu mutwe.
Umuntu ufite uburwayi bwa Kleptomania, yibasirwa n’ibibazo birimo agahinda gakabije, umujinya w’umuranduranzuzi no kugorwa no kurya.
Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bugaragaza ko bibiri bya gatatu by’abibasirwa n’ubu burwayi ari igitsina gore.
Uwagaragaweho n’iyi ndwara ashobora gutandukana na yo aganirijwe n’abajyanama mu mitekerereze ndetse byaba ngombwa agahabwa imiti.
Cenosillicaphobia, ni indwara y’ubwoba bwo kubona ikirahure gishiramo inzoga, yibasira ababaswe no kuzinywa hafi buri munsi. ubu bwoba buza mu gihe uzinywa ashobora kuba yashiriwe n’amafaranga yo kugura izindi, agatangira no kubona iyo mu kirahure ari kunyweramo igiye gushira.
Ufite iyi ndwara aba yumva ubuzima butarimo inzoga ari bubi kandi buteye ubwoba.
Mu mateka hagaragara ingero nyinshi kandi zitangaje, zigaragaza ukuntu abantu bihebeye inzoga bazifata nk’umunezero wabo, ku buryo iyo bazibuze bumva ubuzima bumeze nk’ububarangiriyeho.
Urugero ni nk’umuhanga muri siyansi, Niels Bohr, wishimiye intsinzi yagezeho mu 1922 ubwo yegukanaga igihembo cya Nobel Prize cy’uwatsinze Ubugenge (Physics), agahita afata icyemezo cyo gukora umuyoboro ugeza inzoga mu rugo rwe kugira ngo iyo ntsinzi azayizihize ubuzima bwe bwose anywa inzoga.
Icyo gihe, uruganda rwa Carlsberg Brewery rwamwemereye inzu y’ubuntu hafi yarwo, kugira ngo izo nzoga zijye zimugeraho mu buryo bworoshye.
Ubushakashatsi buheruka bwakozwe na The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD), bugaragaza ko miliyoni 17.6 z’abaturage ba Amerika, babaswe no kunywa ibisindisha.
NCADD igaragaza ko abantu babatwa no kunywa inzoga bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye, bityo ko bigoye kumenya uburyo rusange bwabafasha bose kuko usanga ubufasha umwe atari bwo bufasha undi.
Indwara ya Cenosillicaphobia
Ni indwara yo kugira ubwoba bwo kubona ikirahure umuntu yanyweragamo gishiramo inzoga ntibwibasira umunywi w’inzoga wese, ahubwo yibasira abazinywa hafi buri munsi.
Igitangaje kuri iyi ndwara ni uko nta muti wo kuyivura uhari, ahubwo uyirwaye aba agomba gukomeza kubona ikirahure cye kirimo inzoga, agahora afite icyizere ko idashiramo ngo abure indi.
Gusa agirwa inama yo kunywa mu rugero, kuko n’ubundi icyo aba ashaka atari ukunywa inzoga nyinshi, ahubwo ari ukunezezwa no kubona ikirahure cye kidashiramo inzoga gusa.
Ni indwara kandi yo kugira ubwoba bwo kubona inzoga ishira mu kirahure siyo yonyine yibasira abanywi b’inzoga, kuko n’iyitwa “Nobrewphobia” ari uko kuko uyirwaye we adaterwa ubwoba n’uko abona inzoga ishira mu kirahure, ahubwo buza iyo agiye mu bubiko bwayo agasanga yashize kandi yari yizeye ko ihari.
Uyirwaye amarwa ubwoba no kwihutira aho inzoga zigurirwa akagura izindi nyinshi akazongera mu bubiko bwazo iwe.
Bishobora kuba bikubaho ukumva ufite ubwoba budasanzwe bwo gutinya uburozi, ku buryo bunatuma udashobora kugira ibyo urya cyangwa unywa bitari ibyo witeguriye, kuko urwaye iyi ndwara ashobora no kwanga amafunguro yateguwe n’umuntu asanzwe yizera ariko agatinya ko yamuroga.
Bamwe mu Bemeramana bo bizera ko hatanabaho uburozi bwakwica umuntu binyuze mu biribwa cyangwa mu binyobwa gusa, ahubwo ko hari n’ubwo bakoherereza bukakwica, umuntu wabikoze ari kure yawe nko mu kindi gihugu.
Ibi bituma benshi mu basenga bahanurirwa ko Imana ibarinze kurogwa, udafite umutima ukomeye agahora yikanga ko ikibazo agize cyose cyangwa uburwayi bwaje mu buzima bwe bwaba bwaturutse ku marozi.
Niba ibyo byiyumviro wumva bidasanzwe muri wowe ukumva ugize ubwoba bwinshi no guhora wikanga kurogwa, birashoboka ko byamaze kurenga ubwoba busanzwe bigahinduka uburwayi (Toxophobia/toxicophobia/toxiphobia).
Indwara ya Erotomania
Ubu ni uburwayi bwo mu mutwe butera umuntu kwigirira icyizere gikabije, akibwira ko akunzwe n’abantu barimo n’ibyamamare n’iyo baba batarigeze bamubwira ko bamukunda cyangwa ngo banahure na we.
Urubuga rwa Industrial Psychiatry Journal rugaragaza ko iyi ndwara yavumbuwe n’Abagereki b’abahanga muri Siyansi, Galen na Freud, ikorwaho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse na Alexander Morrison mu 1848. Uyu yanzuye ko uyirwaye yibwira ibintu we akunda ariko bihabanye n’ukuri ku buryo biramutse bigenze uko abyifuza byamuha umunezero n’icyubahiro ashaka.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko iyi ndwara yibasira ab’igitsinagore cyane cyane abakobwa, aho uyifite yibwira ko akunzwe n’abantu barimo ibyamamare nk’abahanzi, abakinnyi ba filime, abanyepolitiki bakomeye cyangwa abandi bafite amazina azwi cyane.
Umuntu ufite iyi ndwara, hari n’ubwo yibeshya ko akunzwe n’abantu atigeze ahura na bo ariko we asanzwe ababona nko ku mafoto cyangwa mu mashusho, agatekereza ko bari mu rukundo na we kandi bo batanamuzi.
Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ufite iyi ndwara aba yizera ibintu bidahari cyangwa bitari byo mu buzima busanzwe akabifata nk’ukuri. Ni ukuvuga ko uyirwaye aba afite ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe.
Medical News Today igaragaza ko ufite iyi ndwara ashobora kuyiterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye zirimo n’agahinda gakabije kamuteye ibibazo mu mutwe, kugira uburwayi bundi bwo mu mutwe bwitwa Schizophrenia bwibasira abantu bafite ibikomere mu marangamutima cyangwa guta umurongo k’ubwonko bigatuma butangira gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora neza no kwibuka.
Ufite ubu burwayi ashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi abifashijwemo n’abanjyanama mu mitekerereze, nyuma yo kumutega amatwi byaba ngombwa bakamugira inama yo kwivuza agahabwa imiti runaka, hagendewe ku bundi burwayi bashobora gusanga afite.
Urubuga National Library of Medecine rwo rugaragaza ko nubwo iyi ndwara itagaragara kenshi cyangwa ngo abantu bayivugeho cyane, abagera kuri 0,2% ku Isi yose bayirwaye.
